According to the World Bank report (Gill & Raiser, 2012), the EU has become the modern world’s greatest “convergence machine”. While the process of convergence has been acknowledged at country level, results at regional level are still unclear. Using the most advanced techniques, we assess convergence across European NUTS2 regions over forty years. The distributional dynamic approach unveils different perspectives that traditional methods have overlooked. We conclude that a process of catching-up between low- and middle-income regions has been in progress, while wealthy regions have been drifting away.